PC-Microbit

Index:

Introduction

• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Video introduction
  • 1.2. PC-Microbit
  • 1.3. Home pages:
  • 1.4. Key microbit references:
  • 1.5. Microbit software using micropython:
  • 1.6. Micropython simulator:
  • 1.7. Blocky code simulator:
  • 1.8. Out of Box hex file v2
  • 1.9. Firmware
  • 1.10. Sleep, Power off, wake
  • 1.11. Useful sites:
  • 1.12. Python references:
• 2. Micropython editor
  • 2.1. Micro:bit Educational Foundation YouTube Videos
  • 2.2. Saving python files
  • 2.3. Opening python files
  • 2.4. Uploading modules to the microbit
  • 2.5. Saving hex files
• 3. EXT: First Use V2
  • 3.1. Firmware
  • 3.2. Out of Box hex file v2
• 4. EXT: Power Management V2
  • 4.1. Sleep
  • 4.2. Power off
  • 4.3. Wake
  • 4.4. Power module
  • 4.5. Power down the microbit
  • 4.6. Power off
  • 4.7. Deep Sleep
  • 4.8. Deep sleep wake via run_every

BreadBoards

• 1. Breadboard connections
  • 1.1. Rows
  • 1.2. Columns
  • 1.3. Rails
  • 1.4. Jumpers
• 2. Edge_Connector
  • 2.1. Connecting the microbit to the edge connector
• 3. LEDs_with_resistors
  • 3.1. Model
  • 3.2. Write digital
  • 3.3. Turn on and off pin0
  • 3.4. Turn all on and off
  • 3.5. Blink All
  • 3.6. Blink using for i in range
  • 3.7. Write analog
• 4. Piezo_Buzzer_and_music
  • 4.1. Connections
  • 4.2. Model
  • 4.3. Library
  • 4.4. V2 speaker
  • 4.5. Playing music notes
  • 4.6. Notes
  • 4.7. Tempo
  • 4.8. Other music methods
  • 4.9. Tuple unpacking of get_tempo()
  • 4.10. Scales
  • 4.11. Built in music
  • 4.12. All Built in melodies
  • 4.13. V2 volume
  • 4.14. Sound effects using pitch
  • 4.15. Note frequencies
• 5. Motor_with_transistor
  • 5.1. Model
  • 5.2. Model: Moved to side for better terminal block attachment
  • 5.3. Model: Motor without terminal block
  • 5.4. Write digital
  • 5.5. Turn on and off pin0
  • 5.6. Write analog
• 6. Potentiometer
  • 6.1. Model
  • 6.2. Read analog
  • 6.3. Scaling potentiometer readings
  • 6.4. EXT: Demo: Power meter simulation
• 7. Potentiometer_with_LED
  • 7.1. Connections
  • 7.2. Model
  • 7.3. Read and Write analog

Lessons

• 1. Microbit library
  • 1.1. Import the microbit library
  • 1.2. Blank Lines
  • 1.3. Micropython API
• 2. while True loops
  • 2.1. While true
• 3. Sleep
  • 3.1. Sleep in milliseconds
• 4. Scroll text
  • 4.1. Display.scroll simple version
  • 4.2. Display.scroll with delay
  • 4.3. scroll at different speeds
  • 4.4. Display.scroll using variables
  • 4.5. Display.scroll full syntax
• 5. EXT: Scroll text
  • 5.1. display.scroll full syntax
• 6. Show text
  • 6.1. display.show simple version
  • 6.2. Display.clear
  • 6.3. display.show with clear
  • 6.4. display.show with delay
  • 6.5. Show at different speeds
  • 6.6. display.show using variables
  • 6.7. Show full syntax
• 7. EXT: Show text
  • 7.1. display.show full syntax
• 8. Built-in images
  • 8.1. Display.show a built-in Image
  • 8.2. Flashing Image
  • 8.3. Display.show a list of images
  • 8.4. Image lists
  • 8.5. Built-in Image lists
  • 8.6. Image sentences
  • 8.7. All Images
• 9. EXT: Using built-in images
  • 9.1. Random times for flashing an image
  • 9.2. Random images
  • 9.3. Image sentences using “mixed” lists
  • 9.4. All Images
• 10. Buttons and selection
  • 10.1. Button is pressed
  • 10.2. Button was pressed
  • 10.3. Selection
  • 10.4. if
  • 10.5. if - else
  • 10.6. if - elif
  • 10.7. If - elif - else
  • 10.8. If - elif - elif - else
  • 10.9. Changing values with A and B-buttons
• 11. EXT: Buttons and selection
  • 11.1. if - else with break
  • 11.2. break on button pressing
  • 11.3. String slices
  • 11.4. Converting a Boolean to a string initial
  • 11.5. Changing values with A and B-buttons
• 12. For loops
  • 12.1. For loops with strings
  • 12.2. Add actions to a for-loop
  • 12.3. For loops with lists
  • 12.4. Nested For loops
  • 12.5. For loops with mixed lists
  • 12.6. EXT: storing values in a list
• 13. EXT: for-loops
  • 13.1. Spacing characters
  • 13.2. Code shifts
  • 13.3. Prime factors
  • 13.4. Abbreviations
  • 13.5. Vowels
• 14. For loops using the range function
  • 14.1. Range function starting at 0
  • 14.2. Adding to the range function variable
  • 14.3. Subtracting from the range function variable
  • 14.4. Multiplying the range function variable
• 15. EXT: For loops using the range function
  • 15.1. Looping Through a List of Values using element index from range function
  • 15.2. Range function with start and stop values
  • 15.3. Range function with a step size
  • 15.4. Using range to count down with a negative step size
• 16. EXT: nested for-loops using the range function
  • 16.1. Set pixels
  • 16.2. Using pixels in nested for-loops
  • 16.3. Advanced: nested for-loops with range function
• 17. EXT: While loops
  • 17.1. Events as conditions
  • 17.2. Counters
  • 17.3. Counting up
  • 17.4. Counting down
  • 17.5. Step size

Lessons_Practice

• 1. Practice_tasks_1
• 2. Practice_tasks_2

Lessons_Practice_Answers

• 1. Practice tasks 1 Answers
• 2. Practice tasks 2 Answers

Errors

• 1. Types of Errors
• 2. Library Errors
  • 2.1. Missing asterisk
  • 2.2. Missing space before asterisk
  • 2.3. Misspelt library
  • 2.4. Imported library not used
• 3. Indentation Errors
  • 3.1. Missing Indentation after if statement
  • 3.2. else statement indented by mistake
  • 3.3. for-loop not indented
• 4. Missing colon Errors
  • 4.1. If: Missing colon
  • 4.2. Elif: Missing colon
  • 4.3. Else: Missing colon
  • 4.4. While: Missing colon
  • 4.5. For: Missing colon
• 5. Variable Errors
  • 5.1. Variable used which has no value
• 6. Unwanted Whitespace
  • 6.1. Unwanted whitespace before parentheses
  • 6.2. Unwanted whitespace in parentheses
  • 6.3. Unwanted whitespace around equals in an argument
  • 6.4. Unwanted whitespace before colon
  • 6.5. Unwanted whitespace after keyword
  • 6.6. Whitespace missing around equals operator
• 7. Whitespace for Readability
  • 7.1. Proper use of Whitespace improves readability

BreadBoards

• 1. Breadboard connections
  • 1.1. Rows
  • 1.2. Columns
  • 1.3. Rails
  • 1.4. Jumpers
• 2. Edge_Connector
  • 2.1. Connecting the microbit to the edge connector
• 3. LEDs_with_resistors
  • 3.1. Model
  • 3.2. Write digital
  • 3.3. Turn on and off pin0
  • 3.4. Turn all on and off
  • 3.5. Blink All
  • 3.6. Blink using for i in range
  • 3.7. Write analog
• 4. Piezo_Buzzer_and_music
  • 4.1. Connections
  • 4.2. Model
  • 4.3. Library
  • 4.4. V2 speaker
  • 4.5. Playing music notes
  • 4.6. Notes
  • 4.7. Tempo
  • 4.8. Other music methods
  • 4.9. Tuple unpacking of get_tempo()
  • 4.10. Scales
  • 4.11. Built in music
  • 4.12. All Built in melodies
  • 4.13. V2 volume
  • 4.14. Sound effects using pitch
  • 4.15. Note frequencies
• 5. Motor_with_transistor
  • 5.1. Model
  • 5.2. Model: Moved to side for better terminal block attachment
  • 5.3. Model: Motor without terminal block
  • 5.4. Write digital
  • 5.5. Turn on and off pin0
  • 5.6. Write analog
• 6. Potentiometer
  • 6.1. Model
  • 6.2. Read analog
  • 6.3. Scaling potentiometer readings
  • 6.4. EXT: Demo: Power meter simulation
• 7. Potentiometer_with_LED
  • 7.1. Connections
  • 7.2. Model
  • 7.3. Read and Write analog

BreadBoard_projects

• 1. Combined models
  • 1.1. Scaffold for code:
  • 1.2. Tasks
• 2. EXT: Combined iteration using zip
  • 2.1. zip 2 lists
  • 2.2. zip 3 lists

BreadBoards using functions

• 1. Organising code with definitions
  • 1.1. Definitions
  • 1.2. Organising blocks into definitions
• 2. Organising code with definitions for the Breadboard
  • 2.1. Code comparison
• 3. Functions without parameters
  • 3.1. Functions that do something
  • 3.2. Functions that return a value
• 4. Functions with parameters
  • 4.1. Using parameters
  • 4.2. Functions with default parameters
  • 4.3. Order with named parameters
  • 4.4. Parameter order: positional before default
  • 4.5. Functions returning information
  • 4.6. Allowing for a variable number of arguments
• 5. EXT: LEDs_with_resistors
  • 5.1. Connections
  • 5.2. Model
  • 5.3. Write digital
  • 5.4. Turn on and off pin0
  • 5.5. Blink All
  • 5.6. Blink using for i in range
  • 5.7. Write analog
  • 5.8. Advanced: deep sleep
• 6. EXT: Piezo_Buzzer_and_music
  • 6.1. Connections
  • 6.2. Model
  • 6.3. Library
  • 6.4. V2 speaker
  • 6.5. Playing music notes
  • 6.6. Notes
  • 6.7. Tempo
  • 6.8. Other music methods
  • 6.9. Tuple unpacking of get_tempo()
  • 6.10. Scales
  • 6.11. Built in music
  • 6.12. All Built in melodies
  • 6.13. V2 volume
  • 6.14. Sound effects using pitch
  • 6.15. Note frequencies
• 7. EXT: Motor_with_transistor
  • 7.1. Connections
  • 7.2. Model
  • 7.3. Model: Moved to side for better terminal block attachment
  • 7.4. Model: Motor without terminal block
  • 7.5. Write digital
  • 7.6. Turn on and off pin0
  • 7.7. Write analog
  • 7.8. Scaling the readings
• 8. EXT: Potentiometer
  • 8.1. Model
  • 8.2. Read analog
  • 8.3. Scaling the readings
  • 8.4. Advanced: Power meter simulation
• 9. EXT: Potentiometer_with_LED
  • 9.1. Connections
  • 9.2. Model
  • 9.3. Read and Write analog

Sensors

• 1. Compass syntax
  • 1.1. Main Functions
  • 1.2. Other Functions
• 2. Compass Directions
  • 2.1. Compass Readings
  • 2.2. Compass Pointer
• 3. Thermometer
  • 3.1. Temperature Function
• 4. Accelerometer syntax
  • 4.1. Gesture Functions
  • 4.2. Acceleration Functions
• 5. Gestures
  • 5.1. current_gesture
  • 5.2. is_gesture
  • 5.3. is_gesture counts
  • 5.4. was_gesture
  • 5.5. was_gesture counts
  • 5.6. shake step counter
  • 5.7. tilt sideways counter
  • 5.8. get_gestures()
• 6. Movement
  • 6.1. Accelerometer
  • 6.2. Spirit level
• 7. Wearable
• 8. AI introduction

Sounds

• 1. Music
  • 1.1. Speaker V2
  • 1.2. Music Library
  • 1.3. Play notes
  • 1.4. Notes
  • 1.5. Tempo
  • 1.6. Volume V2
  • 1.7. Stop background music
  • 1.8. Reset music
  • 1.9. Custom tunes
• 2. Music built in melodies
  • 2.1. Built in music
  • 2.2. All Built in melodies
  • 2.3. Melody notes
• 3. Music scales
  • 3.1. Scales
  • 3.2. Major Scales
  • 3.3. Minor Scales
  • 3.4. Triads
• 4. Music Rhythms
  • 4.1. Rhythm: Shave and a hair cut: two bits
  • 4.2. Rhythm: Famous movie series 1
  • 4.3. Rhythm: Famous movie series 2
• 5. Music Nursery Rhymes
  • 5.1. Row your boat
  • 5.2. Nursery Rhyme tunes
• 6. Music Christmas
  • 6.1. Christmas tunes
• 7. Music pitch
  • 7.1. Sound effects using pitch
  • 7.2. Note frequencies
  • 7.3. Accelerometer based pitches
• 8. Music_advanced
  • 8.1. Random notes Task
  • 8.2. Scales generator
  • 8.3. Accelerometer based notes
• 9. Audio
  • 9.1. Library
  • 9.2. main controls
  • 9.3. V2 Built-in sounds
  • 9.4. All Built in sounds
• 10. Audio: built in sounds V2
  • 10.1. Expressive sounds V2
  • 10.2. All Built in sounds
  • 10.3. Sound name with sound
  • 10.4. Built in sounds and images
• 11. Audio: AudioFrames
  • 11.1. AudioFrames
  • 11.2. Sawtooth AudioFrame
  • 11.3. Generators to avoid memory limits
  • 11.4. Common AudioFrame structures
  • 11.5. Yield from and yield in Generators
  • 11.6. More complex AudioFrames
  • 11.7. Advanced Technical Details
  • 11.8. Advanced Example
• 12. Audio: SoundEffects V2
  • 12.1. Sound Effect Syntax
  • 12.2. Vary frequencies
  • 12.3. Vary the waveform
  • 12.4. microbit scale function
  • 12.5. Vary the fx
  • 12.6. Copying sound effects
  • 12.7. Custom sound effects
  • 12.8. Transferring Sound Effects

Challenges

• 1. Number chooser
  • 1.1. Number chooser: simple version
  • 1.2. Number chooser: by function
• 2. Letter chooser
  • 2.1. Letter chooser: simple version
  • 2.2. Letter chooser: by function
• 3. Guess the number
  • 3.1. Random integer
  • 3.2. Select number
  • 3.3. Check the guess
  • 3.4. Guess the number version 1
  • 3.5. New versions:
  • 3.6. Guess the number version 2
  • 3.7. Guess the number version 3
  • 3.8. Guess the number version 4
  • 3.9. Guess the number extension ideas
• 4. Words
  • 4.1. Chr Syntax
  • 4.2. Producing character lists via list comprehension
  • 4.3. Code design

Images

• 1. Built-in images
  • 1.1. Display.show a built-in Image
  • 1.2. Flashing Image
  • 1.3. Random times for flashing an image
  • 1.4. Display.show a list of images
  • 1.5. Image lists
  • 1.6. Built-in Image lists
  • 1.7. Image sentences
  • 1.8. Image sentences using “mixed” lists
  • 1.9. All Images
• 2. Built-in images advanced
  • 2.1. Advanced use of Built-in Image lists
  • 2.2. Enumerate to show the clock time
• 3. Image strings
  • 3.1. Show image
  • 3.2. Image strings
  • 3.3. Image strings: Multiplication of a line
  • 3.4. Image strings: line by line
  • 3.5. Boat sinking animation
  • 3.6. Rotating line animation
  • 3.7. Image gradients using string definitions
• 4. Sequential images
  • 4.1. Feeling images
• 5. Heart beat simulation
  • 5.1. Pin touching
  • 5.2. Pulse design
  • 5.3. Using a function to calculate the delay for a Heart rate
• 6. Setting pixels
  • 6.1. Set pixel
  • 6.2. Pixel rows and columns
  • 6.3. Pixel rows and columns lists
• 7. Random pixels
  • 7.1. Random pixel and random brightness
  • 7.2. Random pixel randint
  • 7.3. Tuple unpacking using an asterisk in a function call
  • 7.4. Tuple unpacking in multiple assignment
  • 7.5. Random pixel randrange(stop)
  • 7.6. Random pixel randrange(start, stop)
  • 7.7. Random pixel randrange(start, stop, step)
  • 7.8. Random pixel random.choice
  • 7.9. Random Pixel rows and columns
  • 7.10. Random Pixels
  • 7.11. Random Pixels choice Pixel rows and columns lists
  • 7.12. get_pixel and set_pixel
• 8. Image arithmetic
  • 8.1. Image objects
  • 8.2. Fill
  • 8.3. Invert
  • 8.4. Image of a single string character
  • 8.5. Adding Image pixels
  • 8.6. Subtracting Image pixels
  • 8.7. Multiplying and dividing Image pixels
  • 8.8. Pulsing HEART
  • 8.9. List comprehension for a series of images
  • 8.10. Pulsing Images
• 9. Byte array images
  • 9.1. bytearray with integer list
  • 9.2. Uniform images using List multiplication
  • 9.3. bytearray gradients using List multiplication
  • 9.4. bytearray irregular patterns using List multiplication and concatenation
  • 9.5. Integer-list-producing definitions for bytearray
  • 9.6. Random-integer-producing definitions for bytearray
  • 9.7. List comprehension for bytearray images
  • 9.8. List comprehension with alternatives for bytearray images
• 10. Moving images
  • 10.1. Shift left and right
  • 10.2. Shift up and down
  • 10.3. Shifting vertically and horizontally
  • 10.4. Shifting combined
  • 10.5. Cropping images
  • 10.6. Cropping images and repositioning with blit
  • 10.7. Repositioning a 3by3 image via accelerometer
  • 10.8. Filling images and repositioning with blit
• 11. Oversize Byte array images
  • 11.1. Wide array
  • 11.2. Tall array
• 12. Flip and Rotate images
  • 12.1. Useful Syntax
  • 12.2. Pixels from repr
  • 12.3. Brightness array
  • 12.4. So far
  • 12.5. Flipping horizontally
  • 12.6. Flipping vertically
  • 12.7. Flipping a list of images
  • 12.8. Rotating 270 degrees
  • 12.9. Rotating 90 degrees clockwise
  • 12.10. Rotating 180 degrees
  • 12.11. Rotating image animation
  • 12.12. Rotating a list of images
• 13. Image masks
  • 13.1. Masks
  • 13.2. Example Masks
  • 13.3. Mask loops
• 14. Flame simulation
  • 14.1. The Flame simulation
• 15. Pixel Class
  • 15.1. Pixel animation using classes
  • 15.2. Pixel Classes using accelerometer
• 16. Screen Class
• 17. Other image methods
  • 17.1. Other methods

Radio

• 1. Radio syntax
  • 1.1. Radio Module
  • 1.2. Radio On and Off
  • 1.3. Radio group
  • 1.4. Radio send and receive
  • 1.5. bytes
  • 1.6. Msg, Signal strength, timestamps
  • 1.7. Radio settings
• 2. Radio A or B
  • 2.1. Send on button pressing
  • 2.2. Defs for repeated code patterns
• 3. Radio temperature
  • 3.1. Indoor and outdoor temperature
• 4. Radio tilt
  • 4.1. Choose response by tilting
• 5. Radio gestures
  • 5.1. Gestures
  • 5.2. Advanced gesture usage
  • 5.3. Send on gesture
  • 5.4. Happy group
• 6. Radio resend
  • 6.1. Back and forth messaging
  • 6.2. Back and forth messaging
  • 6.3. Speed ups
• 7. Radio shift cipher
  • 7.1. Caesar cipher
  • 7.2. Break the code
  • 7.3. Code breaker: brute force
• 8. Radio Polybius Square
  • 8.1. Polybius cipher
  • 8.2. Break the code
• 9. Radio manual messages
  • 9.1. Letter tilting
• 10. Radio images
  • 10.1. Boats
  • 10.2. Manual image lists
  • 10.3. Built in images
• 11. Radio Firefly
  • 11.1. Firefly
• 12. Radio draw
  • 12.1. Send Drawn Image
• 13. Radio Hot or Cold
  • 13.1. Beacons
  • 13.2. Seekers
  • 13.3. Hot and cold meter
• 14. Radio Treasure Hunt
  • 14.1. Treasure
  • 14.2. Treasure hunters
  • 14.3. Buried Treasure
  • 14.4. Treasure collectors
  • 14.5. Sorting a list using a function as a sort key
  • 14.6. Find all the treasure

Classes

• 1. Classes for the microbit
  • 1.1. Classes
• 2. Potentiometer Class
• 3. Pixel Class
  • 3.1. Pixel animation using classes
  • 3.2. Pixel Classes using accelerometer
• 4. Screen Class challenge

Extra microbit

• 1. Modules
  • 1.1. Module list
• 2. microbit module
  • 2.1. sleep
  • 2.2. temperature
  • 2.3. scale
  • 2.4. reset
  • 2.5. panic
  • 2.6. running_time
• 3. power module
  • 3.1. Functions
  • 3.2. low power example
  • 3.3. data logging example
• 4. os module
  • 4.1. listdir
  • 4.2. remove
  • 4.3. size
  • 4.4. uname
  • 4.5. Micropython version
• 5. machine module
  • 5.1. time_pulse_us
  • 5.2. reset
• 6. os module
  • 6.1. set_labels
  • 6.2. set_mirroring
  • 6.3. delete
  • 6.4. add
  • 6.5. Temperature logging every 5 min
  • 6.6. Temperature and light logging every 5 min
• 7. builtins
  • 7.1. abs
  • 7.2. all
  • 7.3. any
  • 7.4. bin
  • 7.5. bool
  • 7.6. bytearray
  • 7.7. bytes
  • 7.8. callable
  • 7.9. chr
  • 7.10. classmethod
  • 7.11. complex
  • 7.12. delattr
  • 7.13. dict
  • 7.14. dir
  • 7.15. divmod
  • 7.16. Ellipsis
  • 7.17. enumerate
  • 7.18. eval
  • 7.19. exec
  • 7.20. filter
  • 7.21. float
  • 7.22. format
  • 7.23. getattr
  • 7.24. globals
  • 7.25. hasattr
  • 7.26. hash
  • 7.27. help
  • 7.28. hex
  • 7.29. id
  • 7.30. input
  • 7.31. int
  • 7.32. isinstance
  • 7.33. issubclass
  • 7.34. iter
  • 7.35. len
  • 7.36. list
  • 7.37. locals
  • 7.38. map
  • 7.39. max
  • 7.40. memoryview
  • 7.41. min
  • 7.42. next
  • 7.43. object
  • 7.44. oct
  • 7.45. open
  • 7.46. ord
  • 7.47. pow
  • 7.48. print
  • 7.49. property
  • 7.50. range
  • 7.51. repr
  • 7.52. reversed
  • 7.53. round
  • 7.54. set
  • 7.55. setattr
  • 7.56. slice
  • 7.57. sorted
  • 7.58. staticmethod
  • 7.59. str
  • 7.60. sum
  • 7.61. super
  • 7.62. tuple
  • 7.63. type
  • 7.64. zip
  • 7.65. Exceptions
• 8. utime
  • 8.1. sleep
  • 8.2. ticks
  • 8.3. ticks_add
  • 8.4. ticks_diff
  • 8.5. TIMED_OUT
  • 8.6. Deadline
  • 8.7. countdown timer
• 9. usys module
  • usys.version_info()
  • usys.version()
  • usys.platform()
  • usys.implementation()
  • usys.maxsize()
  • usys.modules()
  • usys.path()
  • usys.byteorder()
  • usys.argv()
• 10. gc module
  • gc.enable()
  • gc.disable()
  • gc.isenabled()
  • gc.collect()
  • gc.mem_alloc()
  • gc.mem_free()
  • gc.threshold()
• 11. errno
  • 11.1. Error codes
  • 11.2. File open error
  • 11.3. Error code meanings
• 12. antigravity love this modules
  • 12.1. antigravity
  • 12.2. love
  • 12.3. this
• 13. neopixel module
  • 13.1. Import module
  • 13.2. Initialise neopixels
  • 13.3. set neopixel colours
  • 13.4. Show
  • 13.5. Get colour
  • 13.6. Fill V2
  • 13.7. Clear
  • 13.8. Random pixel colours
• 14. urandom
  • 14.1. Functions for integers
  • 14.2. Functions for floats
  • 14.3. choice
  • 14.4. seed
• 15. uarray
  • 15.1. arrays
  • 15.2. Average temperatures using an array
  • 15.3. Breadboard LED brightness via array
  • 15.4. Max light levels
• 16. ucollections
  • 16.1. namedtuple
  • 16.2. Logging button presses
  • 16.3. OrderedDict
  • 16.4. Using an OrderedDict to store LED patterns
  • 16.5. Using an OrderedDict to store accelerometer readings
• 17. math module
  • 17.1. Functions
  • 17.2. Constants